Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Supply chain management - Essay ExampleEarlier, companies were individual entities that gained profit for itself and were based on specified strategy of their production programs, which was not necessarily connected to the external world. However, in the future, companies will individually be trading partners where the companies are linked to selected partners through exchange program, or the companies will have corporate supply chain management, which can build race with customers and providers. Christopher (1998) found competition is not within firms exactly between the supply chains. The main difficulty is to develop SCM, which not only creates effective relationship with supplier and customers but also is transparent, definable, demonstrable, tangible and communicable for the involved parties. Organizations have been making use of collection of methods, tools, techniques and programs for SCM. black cat (1997) found two distinctive approaches in supply chain - efficient sup ply chain and reactive supply chain. The application of SCM improves efficiency of industries and the target is to improve competiveness and profitability (Ellram 1991 Cooper et al. 1997 Persson 1997 Christopher 1998 Mentzer 2001). 2. provider Partnerships Working with suppliers provides an fortune to acquire high quality products and services. Additionally, long term loyalty can be developed. The concept of JIT becomes meaning(a) in this regard where the raw materials are delivered on need and not before. Deming (1986) claimed building long-term relationship with suppliers can ensure improved products words. For long term commitment, the organization needs to be involved and each party has to contribute to the process of production and manufacturing. The supplier and buyer both need to understand that finally the goal is to satisfy the customers and hence, the decision should be made as a team. Various types of sourcing are utilise for supplier partnership such as single sour cing and multiple sourcing. In case of multiple sourcing, the products are delivered through competition. Further, it also downs the disruption of work. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawas (1980) ten principles on supplier and buyer relationship accommodate 1. Customer and supplier are responsible for quality control. 2. Customer and supplier should respect the independence of other. 3. Supplier is entitled to get complete selective information from the customer. 4. The contract should be based on quality, price, quantity, method of delivery and payment terms. 5. Supplier should provide the quality desired by the customer to ensure satisfaction. 6. The quality should be determined through mutual consent. 7. The settlement of disputes should be made through agreement. 8. Frequent exchange of information should be promoted to improve the service or product quality. 9. The partner should be involved in procurement, inscription planning and production. 10. The interest of end users should be consid ered above all. In the case - NOSC has a proposal to lay into ULVs partnering agreement for office supplies offering discounts between 50% and 70% will help to reduce total costs of acquisition of supplies. Additionally, it would provide daily deliveries of supplies to users. In return, ULV will use NOSC exclusively for the leverage of office supplies. It can be concluded the partnership is beneficial for both the parties. 3. Supplier Partnership

See intructions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See intructions - Case Study ExampleMore specifically, the United States ISTEA (Intermodal Surface impartation Efficiency Act) positively affected intermodal transportation. Enacted in 1991, the legislation supported intermodal carriers by noting high priority corridors across the country considered essential for improving the efficiency of transport (Konings, Priemus, and Nijkamp, 2008).De formula in the United States paved carriage for the movement of products as benchmarks for health and security. The United States and EU can only enact some regulation statues at various levels through courses of action that assist in securing the intermodal transportation vault of heavens. This deregulation calls for modifications in logistics as seen with the 1980 Motor Carrier Act (Konings et al., 2008). Once approved, this regulation allowed new trucking carriers to spring up since the intermodal transpiration sector was secure for investment. This legislation was considered largely a dere gulation of the trucking sector that saw a of import decline in the cost of stocking and sustaining inventories. Further research showed that this partial deregulation led to the expansion and move growth of the United States trucking industry.Regulation also fosters current competition among transporters by removing price fixing. This consequence is arguably positive since different carriers from the United States and EU would view it otherwise. Most EU carriers ar required supporters of the stronger position or new carrier of this effect of regulation (Woxenius and Barthel, 2008). On the other hand, United States carriers do not support stronger positions or new industry players incumbently. Approaches to safeguard the competitive setting of the intermodal industry are often part of this type of regulation and often only new market entrants find it receiptsous. This advantage arises from the regulations decrease of potential obstacles to entering the intermodal

Financial Management case study 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

fiscal Management case study 1 - Essay ExampleThe inflation contribution preserves the buy power of money (Ross, Westerfield, & Jaffe, 2005). found on economic reports, a 2.5% inflation rate over the succeeding(a) 5 years would sufficiently account for inflation.The second component of the by-line rate is the credit risk. The engagement rate offered to customers with poor credit worthiness is higher to treat for the higher risk of lending to them (Weston, Besley, & Brigham, 1996). Based on the credit rate range established by the credit department, the best customer would be assigned a 1% credit rate.The last component of the interest rate is the profit component. This component is the profit from financing activities of XYZ. Since Shanghai Winters is one of the best customers, this component is non applicable to it.Notice that this interest rate is higher than the 8.0% going rate on a $70,000 five-year note receivable. The higher rate is to compensate for the credit risk of extending credit to such a customer. Also built inside the 8.0% is the profit component, which has not been charged to the best customers.

Telepresence is Finally Coming of Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Telepresence is Finally Coming of get on - Essay ExampleSimilar to face-to-face interactions, telepresence meetings allow users to view one another and the tension to hobble attentive and engaged occurs. For most offices, such an innovation would prove the ideal solution (Shein 2010). Clearly, the abilities of the technology susceptibility form an experience that feels very acceptedistic. However, users must question whether the experience is similar in quality to real human communication. As a result, prior to continuing to grow telepresence technology, an organization must take its deed on human communication and relationship quality into account. a. Apart from the travel cost savings mentioned in the case study, two less tangible advantages for applying telepresence over the travel alternative are the quality of the life history of a grower and ecological footprint. These merits are not effortlessly weighted or valued. As a result, I will offer and reference conformist appr oximations in this research to support my answers. These kinds of innovations are however possible because of the functionality of grids, particularly telecommunications (Shein 2010). b. Levels of stress affect human health significantly. Researchers surveyed traveling businesspersons in 2000 who recorded 80% more clinical claims than those who are stationary (Shein 2010). Consequently, clinical claims can result in wooly-minded work output at the workplace. Between 60 and 90% of grievances made by patients and taken to doctors are rough stress (Shein 2010). Researcher Dr. Herbert Benson says three of the most widespread symptoms, headaches, serious pain, and hypertension, account for more than half of lost incomes from absenteeism. It is logical to presume that retain workers in their homes as much as possible to prevent increases in their stress levels (Shein 2010).

Managing Projects College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Projects College - evidence ExampleCalculation of WACC is non a simple task as many would think, this is because the only art object which is simple is calculation of the debt a firm has, these debt include the bank loan and other borrowing, however this is ordinarily the beginning of the hard task since it known that the equity finance is usually more expensive than damage debt finance, this is due to the fact that equity finance has complex computing of the risk premium making computation of WACC complex. This computation of WACC is made more complex when determining which debts or equity should be used to step-up the returns on capital of the shargon holders. The inclusion of corporate tax- rate in this computation adds more irritate while calculating WACC in view of the fact that interest payment is taxable.From the above facts, I would not agree with the statement that calculation of the WACC is the easiest thing in the world because even though the formulae app ears simple it cannot be interpreted in lay mans language, e.g. the total finance includes all the trade credits and current liabilities which are reflected in the balance sheet of a company, but for the accountants who calculate the investments alternatives and evaluate critically the account of a company whose objective is to maximize the investment returns, it may not be a hard thing. yet I would conclude by disagreeing with the statement.Q2. Determining the replacement of maximus limited machinery using equivalent annual courtyearcapital investmentrunning livescrap comfortgross value kick in value factorpresent value199990999999991999902985504020550.9090911868.182present value11867.182999909999999919999040153100-9150.909091-831.818040153100-9150.826446-756.198present value8410.9833999909999999919999089701080-78900.909091-7172.73089701080-78900.826446-6520.66089701080-78900.751315-5927.87present value-9622.26From the above calculations the machines should be replaced on the t hird year, this is because the light up present value of the machine in the third year is cast out (-9622.26) as compared to the other eld where the net present value is positive. A negative present value means that the machine has negative value. This is a good neb of investment because it considers the time value of m acey and particularly useful for survival of the fittest of a mutually exclusive investment and instrumental in achieving the objective of financial management, however one major factor that needs to be considered while selecting the better investment project is that, this is an absolute measure in that it favors the investment with higher NPV but it is likely that this project has a higher investment cost therefore, its doesnt give best results. Another factor to be considered is the whether the machines have different lives. 3. MARKET EFFICIENCY AND shareholder WEALTH MAXIMISATION ARE TWO SIDE OF THE SAME COIN.Market efficiencies is defined as a market in whi ch all the participants have all the information in the market, that is, all buyer and marketer have know the prices concerning all the products whereas

Fashion marketing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fashion market research - Essay ExampleThe strain Fashion marketing research provides a research on fashion marketing. Due to short-lived nature of particular fashion trend, fashion marketers feel the pressure of forever upgrading inventory and product offering to customers. Otherwise, it will be difficult for fashion marketers to ensure sustainable relevance to the customer based value proposition being offered by them (Kotler et al., 2001). In order to understand kinetics of fashion market, the study has selected two UK based fashion retailers as case organizations such as french connection and jigsaw. Objective of this study will be to analyze UK fashion market by canvas these two brands. In the last part, based on the analysis, suitable suggestions will be made for up(p) value proposition for French connection and jigsaw. In order to conduct primary research, author of this essay has visited scroll saw store located in Duke Street, London and French Connection store locat ed in oxford street, London. Objective of this study had been discussed with incoming customers in both the store. Convenience sampling (non probabilistic sampling) was used for selecting quin respondents in each store. Open ended questions regarding perceptions of customers regarding profile/image of these two brands were asked to customers. In case of Jigsaw store located in Duke Street, London marketer has integrated with juice bar, juke box and umber shop inside the store while such types of additional amenities were absent in case.

Brand image of Kenya as a destination Dissertation

trade name image of Kenya as a destination - Dissertation ExampleWith the aim to identify the image of and the possible of Kenya as a destination, three objectives were set in Chapter I. After extensive literature review, the methodology was stated in Chapter III. This was a quantitative field of battle in which primary data was collected through look into questionnaires. The findings and conclusion have been presented below. The study concludes that Kenya offers various attractions such sports, adventure, nature-based holiday, wildlife and safaris and beach and cultural transitism. However, nature and wildlife tourism ar the only ones that are largely advertised for as is evident from some of the brochures from different countries. The perception of Kenya in the minds of the people is that of a country with low cost of living, a country where theft and robbery is common, or a country that specializes in wildlife tours and nature-based tourism. Nowhere has beach tourism or cul tural tourism been publicized. nation derive their perceptions either through their own experience or through the media. The tour operators play a critical role in projecting the right image of any destination. The tour operators in turn, should be educated and familiarized with the destination by the host country government. The study concludes that Kenya carries a poor filth image in the minds of the people. The brand image can be enhanced through proper marketing strategy and through educating the tourists. Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale for the study 2 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 2 1.4 Structure of the study 3 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Kenya as a destination 5 2.1.1 Mass tourism and decline 6 2.1.2 Tourist activities in Kenya 8 2.2 Motivation for tourism 9 2.3 Brand image in tourism 10 2.4 Role of tour operators 13 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research philosophy 14 3.2 Purpose and phenomenon of research 14 3.3 Epistemology 14 3.4 Research approach 15 3.5 Data collection 15 3.6 Data collection instrument 16 3.7 Research Design 16 3.8 Ethical concerns 17 Chapter IV Findings and Discussions 4.1 Introduction 18 4.2 Findings from survey 18 4.3 Discussions 24 Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 27 5.2 Limitations 28 5.3 Recommendations 28 References 30 Appendices 32 construes and Charts Figure 2.1 brochure of Ministry of Tourism 11 Figure 2.2 Brochure of UK-based tour operator 12 Figure 2.3 Brochure of an Australian-based tour operator 13 Chart 4.1 Age Group 18 Chart 4.2 Occupation 19 Chart 4.3 Visited Kenya 19 Chart 4.4 Purpose of visit 20 Chart 4.5 Duration of stay 20 Chart 4.6 Accommodation used 21 Chart 4.7 Image of Kenya 21 Chart 4.8 Perceptions of safety 22 Chart 4.9 Source of information 22 Chart 4.10 Memorable experiences 23 Chart 4.11 Perception 24 Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background One of the changes brought about by globalization is change in consumer demand. Changes in consumer demand have impacted several business sectors including the tourism sector. As demand for new sectors has develop tourists constantly seek newer destinations. In the 20th century tourism has grown as the worlds largest industry even surpassing industries such as autos, steel, electronics, and agriculture (Sirgy & Su, 2000). Tourism is a large bloodline of foreign exchange, employment and enhanced income due to which all attention and resources are diverted towards this industry. Changes have occurred in the structure of the society as a result of more purchasing power in the work force of the people. This is one of the strong reasons that tourism worldwide has grown proportions. It thus becomes the responsibility of the destination managers

HEALTHCARE ETHICS AND END OF LIFE DECISIONS Essay

HEALTHCARE ETHICS AND END OF LIFE DECISIONS - stress ExampleThere argon also several factors that the court needs to look at as there comes a time when the court has to decide what type of treatment can be administered, withdrawn or withheld from a patient. Most important factors include whether a patient is competent or unequal to(p) (Cohen-Almagor, 2001). A competent patient is seen by the court as an individual who is able to give conscious accept or otherwise refuse treatment while incompetent patient is unable or lacks the capacity to do the same. In regard to individual autonomy the court is obliged to honor the consent of a competent patient in regard to their medical attention. When it comes to incompetent patient for example mavin that is in a comma, he or she cannot make an informed decision therefore an advance directional may be required in order to make a decision such as termination of life sustaining c be and treatment.In the character reference quinlan, 70 N.J. 10, 355 A. 2d 647 is an example of a case where finish is defined. Karen Ann Quinlan was in a vegetative state whereby she was brain dead and relied on mechanical respirator and artificial nutrition to sustain her. The courts were right to rule that a patients guardian and parents experience the legal right to have a right of privacy on behalf of the patient. In so doing patients who are in an incompetent state can be safeguarded from suffering by their legal guardians or parents.The in a higher place definition however cannot be used as the universal definition as there are several definitions for the death. Some of the most common definitions are as follows The common traditional meaning has ever so been adopted from Blacks Law Dictionary. The dictionary states that death is the termination of respiration, heartbeat, and some of the central spooky system functionality, such as pulsation and respiration (Pozgar, 2012). Most medical journals also define death as the end of lif e and dying as the process

The Relative Roles of the Individuals Freewill Essay

The coitus Roles of the Individuals Freewill - Essay ExampleThese texts highlight different societies, all of which have come under maneuver of the government, whether by peaceful or violent means. They as well as shed light on what happens to the freewill of individuals within individually scenario.The relative roles of the individuals freewill within high society begins with making it appear as if the individual is playing of their own freewill, while displaying socially appropriate and societal programmed responses. An individuals freewill could not exist without societys carefully score ministrations in allowing it to seem as if the individual is indeed making their own choices. Choices and actions made by verbalise individual have to be engineered to look as if they were made by the individual. Through careful programming, society and government bunghole achieve a desired result from the individuals.There are numerous shipway of programming an individual within the so ciety. These include but are not limited to happiness, hate, brutality, familials, drugs, love, fear, careful monitor of said individuals to disallow privacy of any kind, and sex/eroticism. Through use of the aforementioned subjects, society and governments can exert control over the freewill of the individual, while maintaining the premise that they are not using these to garble individual actions and thought. Instead, those in control moldiness convince the populace that what they do is for the good of all.All authors appear to consort that there are basic tenets for societal control. The individual must understand his/her status within the community. The be motif corresponds in all texts an individual should be able to make their own choices without society or governmental intervention. If said person poses a danger or threat to others, then an authority must step in. If an individual is unable to make correct choices, i.e. the very young or aged, then it is also expected that someone will intervene on their behalf. Mills makes a point in stating that actions, though, should not be as free as opinions. He sets forth guidelines in lengthy detail discussing how each part of society is to function in harmony. All authors agree that the government is to become involved precisely when necessary, and to leave individuals alone to self-govern.If government decided to tamper with society and the individuals within it, a likely pay off would be where society and individuals begin DNA and genetics. This is a horror that Mills in 1859 could hardly see of ever becoming a reality, due to minor knowledge of these subjects during his life. Huxley, however, provides in inside look at universal happiness via genetic engineering of society, at the moment of artificial conception. Through use of genetic methods, a form of super humans could evolve, eradicate disease, and achieve universal happiness through a caste system. Through happiness, a government could achieve co ntrol in influencing an individuals freewill through pleasantry. animal(prenominal) pleasure via games or sexual gratification, the idea that every

What does Castells mean by 'the space of flows' And what relevance Essay

What does Castells mean by the space of flows And what relevance might this idea have for processes of globalisation - Essay ExampleThis paper now seeks to discuss space of flows found on Castells description, including its relevance to the distinct processes of globalisation. An example will also be developed in order to illustrate this discussion. This paper is universe carried out in order to understand the more contemporary application and understanding of space of flows at bottom the context of globalisation and all its related elements. Body As was mentioned above, space is basically a apparatus in the expression of ordering (Francke and Ham, 2006). The relationship between space and orderliness is essentially full of complications, broadly speaking because space does not reflect society, instead, it is an expression of society (Castells, 1996). Under this context, space is not a feign of society, instead, it is a mirror of society. Spatial elements are based on the c omplexities of the greater affable constructions. Moreover, neighborly processes repair on space by affecting the created environment drawn from previous societal and spatial elements (Castells, 1996). Space, based on physics cannot be determined beyond the interplay of matter. Social theory discusses that space cannot be evaluated without considering social practices and applications. Castells (1996) assesses space based on material elements and on other material resources, like people, who participate in specific social interactions and social applications. Time and space cannot be evaluated without also considering social actions. Castells (1997) discusses time-sharing social applications and he cites the fact that space considers the practices which take place simultaneously. The distance between material resources and support is no chronic essential or significant. Society is built around flows, including the flow of capital resources, of data, of technology, of organizatio nal relations, of images, sounds, as considerably as symbols (Castells, 1997). Flows, in other words, include various elements within social organizations which manifest the different processes government peoples lives. Castells (1997) discusses about a spatial form illustrative of social applications which impact and command the interactions in society this is known as the space of flows. Space of flows refers to the material organization of time-sharing social practices that progress to through flows (Francke and Ham, 2006, p. 8). Castells (1997) also discusses flows to be purposeful and repetitive activities of interactions covering physically non-related positions applied by social actors within the various structures of society. This can also be evaluated with the use of various spirit levels and elements of material support which when taken together make up the space of flows. The initial layer which is the initial support for the space of flows is support by various ele ctronic variables highlighting the material foundations of the resources significant in the interrelated fabric of society (Crang, 2002). This is considered general and tactile support for simultaneous applications and practices. It is considered spatial form in the context of the commercial society or the industrial society. Within the context of interactions, no place can survive in isolation as its position is mostly based on flows (Crang, 2002). Places do not fade into oblivion, however their organism is often incorporated into the network. Technological resources which support the network also support the new space. The second layer in the space of flow

Reading Research Literature # 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

exercise Research Literature 1 - Assignment ExampleJournal of General Internal Medicine, 28(3), 436-443. doi10.1007/s11606-012-2234-y http//search.ebscohost.com.proxy.chamberlain.edu8080/login.aspx? look at=true&db=rzh&AN=2012018670&site=ehost-liveThe purpose of this research is to carry out an examination of hospital let go processes such as patient education for patients with acute myocardial infarction and identify which discharge processes may be useful in performance in medical facilities for hospitals AMI care.The research used qualitative aim of US hospitals based on RSMR reports by CMS. Hospitals used ranked in top and bottom 5 % in consecutive two years as reported by RSMR. The method used was deviant case sampling. Data was collected using interviews and ground theory approach through visits to the 14 sites to the hospitals.The focus on of the study was on hospitals that ranked in the top 5% and bottom 5% of RSMR. The hospitals chosen could be able to perform percutan eous intervention. The hospitals essay used was based on socioeconomic status, geographical and RSMR status.The sample was adequate for the research design because results could be deduced form it. Results showed that there were distinct differences in discharge processes mingled with high and low performers in hospitals. Such results were only finalized due to the sample used.Ancheta, I. B. (2006). A retrospective voyage study. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 25(5), 228-233. http//search.ebscohost.com.proxy.chamberlain.edu8080/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009297932&site=ehost-liveA pilot study was conducted under authority from HIPPA. 300 clinics records of patients were used in the investigation of the study. Data collected was demographic such as age, ethnic background, and marital status.The focus of the study was on the patients records that met the criteria of diagnosis of chronic stable CHF secondary to fall systolic left ventricular dysfunction EF of less

GDP as a measure of development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

piggish domestic product as a neb of development - Essay ExampleTodaro and Smith elaborates that gross domestic product is the total final output of goods and services produced by the bucolics economy, within a orbits territorial dominion, by residents and non-residents, regardless of its allocation between domestic and foreign claims (815). gross domestic product is different from the gross national product or gross national product in this sense while the GNP refers to the final cheer of goods and services produced by citizens of a country, the gross domestic product refers to the final value of goods and services produced by a territory or the country. Thus, the GDP complicates all outputs of goods and services in the territory of the country, whether that output were from aliens or citizens. In contrast, the GNP covers totally the output of goods and services of citizens whether that output was produced inside or outside the territory of a country. The term final goods a nd services are meant to emphasize that the concept of the GDP seeks to avoid double counting of goods and services. For example, if a certain input is part of a certain output, the value of the input is not counted plainly only the value of the final output. The GDP count only the output currently produced (Dornbusch, 36). Thus, for example, the value excludes older houses but includes new house construction (Dornbusch, 36). Dornbusch et al. noted the following difficulties of GDP assessment (36-38) 1. GDP is unable to measure some of a territorys outputs because they are not traded in the market. 2. GDP does not calculate anything for environmental pollution. Goods and services may have been produced but at high costs to the environment of the nation. 3. GDP does not factor the quality of goods or the improvements in the quality of goods. Baumol and Binder defined GDP as a measure of the size of the economy or the total amount it produces in a year and noted the following limi tations of GDP as a measure (23, 90-91) 1. GDP is not a measure of a countrys well-being but, at the same time, it was never intended to be one. 2. entirely market activity is included in the GDP and this explains why African countries can survive on $ 5 per week. 3. International comparisons can be misleading if we use GDP because we are not compare the same economic activities many things that are counted in the GDP of the rich countries are not counted in the GDP of the poor countries. 4. GDP places no value on leisure. Baumol and Binder argued that as a country gets richer, its citizens acquire more leisure time and the value of the leisure goes up. 5. GDP can also hyperbolise how a country is well-off because even the bads are counted in GDP accounting. According to Baumol and Binder, even cataclysm can bloat the GDP as houses or properties are reconstructed once a raw(a) or man-made disaster strikes similar to the 9/11. Hall and Lieberman enumerated the following problems with regard to measuring the GDP (539-540) 1. GDP statistics can be inaccurate, especially among developing countries. 2. numerous countries, especially developing economies have an ohmic resistance economy. The underground economy includes hidden economic activity. The hidden economic activity can also include illegal economic activities, especially those involved in drugs, prostitution, many gambling activities, and those that seek to avoid taxes. 3. Many countries, especially the developing economies, have large areas where food is grown and consumed by farmers and many goods do not enter the market. 4. Household activities are also not included in GDP accounting. Parenting is not counted in the GDP unlike daycare programs. Takeouts are counted in the GDP but not homecooked food. Therapy is counted in the GDP but not talking to a friend. For Scott and Miles, there are at least two issues in using GDP as a measure. The first

Personal skills audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal skills visit - Essay ExampleMore importantly, the most skilled, the most proficient, and the best-rounded (academic and skilled) will be the ones enjoying success in this world.In this regard, it is very essential for every individual to carry out self-evaluation in order to learn rough individualized strengths and weaknesses and put efforts accordingly in the required direction. This paper is an attempt to identify and discuss confused areas in my personality that need improvement and that will help me in achieving a successful horizon in my chosen field in coming years. For this purpose, I carried out a skills audit in different areas of organizing, social group, communication and linguistic, and creative, aspects of my personal skills. In addition, the audit also included audit of cognitive, contingency, self-managing, and carnal aspects. This audit enabled me to identify some skills in which I have proficiency, such as time management, delegating, teamwork, and per sonal presentation. Moreover, it also helped me identifying skills and areas in which I need awareness and guidance. This paper will particularly include phoebe bird different areas that I can improve the most, and will include discussion on the way a placement would contribute towards improvement in these areas since I am not undertaking any placement.The initiatory area in which I lack skills and can improve the most is communication and language. Communication has ever so been an important aspect of every successful project or individual, and in many cases has been the reason seat failures in life. Based on the outcomes of my skills audit, although I am a good listener and have articulateness over the language, I believe that I still lack skills when it comes to bounceing and questioning the processes, as well as my own practices. In todays competitive era, it is essential that a person should continue to reflect on ones own practices, the only way to ensure best practices

An analysis on how corporations are affected by change and enforcement Dissertation

An analysis on how corporations are affected by change and enforcement of tax regulations - Dissertation Example19 2.9 measure jurisdiction that Exempt Foreign Source Income 21 2.10 Jurisdiction that Offer Tax Incentives to Qualified Holding Companies 21 2.11 Thin Capitalisation Rules 22 2.12 Do Taxes Impact Corporate Mergers? 23 2.13 Inverse Conversion by US Companies? 24 2.14 Corporate Tax Reforms in regular army 25 2.15 Tax Planning How G.E USA not Paid a Single Dollar In 2010 As Income-Tax? 27 2.16 Whether High Tax Rates compel the UK Companies to Relocate? 29 2.17 Why British Shipping Companies prefer Malta Registration? 30 2.18 Tax advant eras for UK companies by Outsourcing to India 31 3 Findings 33 4 Recommendations 35 4 Conclusion 36 5 List of References 38 Tables Table 1 Ease of Payment of Taxes 13 Table 2 Prevailing Corporate Taxes around the World 14 Graphs Graph 1 Perception of the Importance of the clime Governments Create for Business Through Tax Policies or Fina ncial Incentives 15 INTRODUCTION In ultramodern era, the government of a rural area assumes a significant role in developing the commercial, financial, general policies of the occupancy concerns in the country and taxation policy is one of such mighty mechanisms of intervention. The privilege to tax home(prenominal) companies and to tax the every citizen of a nation is intrinsic in the sovereign command of every nation and its government. The taxation of chore enterprises has become a pass avenue of revenue for the government collectable to ceaselessly increasing burden of fiscal deficit in their budgets. The functions and duties of every government will include a provision of public health, public education, and the development of infrastructure facilities, provisions of multi services standardized old age pension, unemployment insurance and to cover these costs. Government is under obligation to tax both unincorporated and incorporated business sector. The reasons for con fidence ushered on corporate sector for special tax treatment are mainly due to administrative convenience and political feasibility. Like individuals, business corporations do not exercise voting spring in elections. Hence, government is more depending upon the corporate sector to raise additional revenues to a larger order of magnitude nowadays. (Tyagi and Kumar2003390). To raise income, government levy charges or taxes on various activities, incomes, earnings of companies, individuals, etc. and this process is cognize as taxation. Taxation is of two types viz. direct taxation and indirect taxation. For instance, fall upon duties are known as indirect tax which is imposed on the manufacturing, production and import of merchandises like tobacco, alcohol, oil and gas and minerals. Illustrations of direct taxes are income-tax and property tax. (Tyagi and Kumar2003390). The effect of taxation policies in business termination is more critical and viable as at a time when corporate taxation is change chiefly to the national exchequer. Day by day, the role of taxation policies in business decision is increasing, which increases its encumbrances. higher(prenominal) corporate taxes may axe the corporate development and hamper the expansion of manufacturing capacity, hence, it becomes crucial to this research into the chief effects of corporate taxation policies on the business enterprises. (Tyagi and Kumar2003390). The sudden spurt in corporate tax revenues in low-tax OECD nations may be due to the large scale of inflow of investment

The role of the media within the British political system Essay

The part of the media within the British semipolitical system - Essay ExampleThere is a relationship between mass media and society as there is the view that the media are part of democracy since they are themselves a free institution. The media assist the working of a democratic system through facilitating free speech and unrestricted earthly concern debate. However, some who believe that the media are anti-democratic argues this with their power to manipulate the way pile think about politics. With these deuce notions in mind, I think that this demonstrates the over all power of the mass media, since they can either set peoples minds against the political system or help to generate popular support for it. The mass media refers to all those forms of communication where monstrous numbers of people are exposed to an identical message. The mass media provide the ideas and images, which help most people to understand the world they live in and their stick in that world. (Coxall 20 03, 1-22). Along with politicians, the humankind, parties and different organizations, the media play a crucial role in structuring and widening political debate in Britain so that issues such as environment, law and order, or the state of the public services receive attention and are addressed by the government.Television programmes have to compete with each other in order to gain more(prenominal) viewing audience and readers. They therefore have to make their programmes more attractive to the knockout so there is usually a tendency to make the news more attractive by treating it as entertainment rather than dear news. This may explain why some news papers are bought more than others because the popular papers provide the public with what they want to read. In terms of a free market, these papers will thrive, while unpopular and uninformed papers will struggle, with perhaps valid information regarding... Television programs have to compete with each other in order to gain mo re viewers and readers. They, therefore, have to make their programs more attractive to the viewer so there is usually a tendency to make the news more attractive by treating it as entertainment rather than serious news. This may explain why some newspapers are bought more than others because the popular papers provide the public with what they want to read. In terms of a free market, these papers will thrive, while unpopular and unread papers will struggle, with perhaps valid information regarding communities passing unread. Newspapers can be helpful, Children achieve more success in early reading skills if they have hold out with books and other print media and were read to as preschoolers. (Comstock, 1991). In England, we value the freedom of the press. The press is the one place where most people go to get educated on issues facing their community, city and most of all their country. Everyone knows that the media plays a major role in peoples lives however, their role of gatek eeper is not completely understood. The press decides which issues to subject area and how to report them. In order to improve the society and country we live in, I think that the media should defend their unbiased findings to allow people to make up their own minds. However, this is not the case. The media often shows it bias. Their widespread pic enables them to communicate their ideas to the public, regardless of the publics responsiveness.

What is the connection between drugs and crime And how can the Essay

What is the data link amid doses and umbrage And how can the government stop the youth criminal offense in London - attempt ExampleThe report also dwelt on the issue of legalizing some of these drugs. On a final note, this paper has presented conclusions and recommendations to promote a drug free and a crime-free society.Drugs are a threat to todays society. Because of this fact, there are numerous studies which book attempted to establish a causative relationship between drugs and crime. Indeed, there is a steady relationship between drug malignment and the growing crime rate. This is spare as we often hear about sporadic violence occurring in those neighbourhoods of our cities which have acquired a personality for the being drug joints of the city.There is a relationship between youths getting attracted to drugs and eventually towards crime (Bullock and Tilley 2002). Researchers have always tried to find out the answer to various questions relating to this menace. Howeve r, much of their theories remain unknown to the public. This whitethorn be the reason why drug abuse as a causative agent to youth crime has remained one of the prevailing problems of this modern world.Thus this paper aims to discuss the factors why drug abuse leads to the increasing rate of youth crime all over the country. Specifically it attempts to discuss the rate of drug abuse here in UK, the nature of drugs used in substance abuse and how they affect a persons level of functioning, mental and emotional state socioeconomic problems which link youth crime and substance abuse together and solutions and recommendations which can help lessen substance abuse and youth crime rates.Broadly, the term drug is used to describe any substance that, when absorbed into the body of a maintenance organism, alters normal bodily function. (WHO, 1969). Drugs are used to treat diseases, but there is a subset of drugs being termed as recreational drugs, which are chemical substances that affect

Assisted Suicide Essay Example for Free

Assisted Suicide EssayOften labeled compassionate, fit in to the columnist for the W in on the whole Street Journal, Joni Eareckson Tada, legalized assist self-destruction or euthanasia is really a deleterious double standard for those with severe disabilities, both conditions that are labeled terminal and those that are not. She seems to be of the mental picture that euthanasia should never be considered an option no matter how severe or subjective worthless the person is facing. In the article, Tada claims that legalization of euthanasia, sends a clear message that a person with a hindrance may not digest a conduct worth living (1). She touches on euthanasia in The Nethlands and Belguium . She stands for a powerful example of a person with this depilating condition, in this case quadriplegia, can accomplish in spite of her condition.However this is mostwhat of a bias perspective because it implies that she has put a measure on the subjective pain this condition and s imilar to it entails. There should be certain conditions set in revise to qualify for euthanasia so that it is an option for people who want it but we can also sop up a system to prevent people from misusing it. We were granted free will which includes the right to end our life when we chose. There does not need to be this all or nothing attitude towards assisted suicide and the disabled. Tada argues, this ruling sends a clear message that a person with check may not have a life worth living(1). This law would bring nothing but a election for the terminally ill. There are some disabilities that are incurable and cause tremendous pitiable. They should not all fall under one umbrella.Andrew Btiva wrote in his article, Disability and physician-assisted suicide, We do not believe that the right to assisted suicide is premised on a diminished quality of life for people with disabilities. It is based on take note for the autonomy of terminally ill individuals during their final days . It does not deny people with disabilities suicide prevention services, auspices against murder, or protection from other abuses(1). Tada is genuinely bias in this article claiming that it would take away the disability will to live and go against their advocacy to have hope and live. When a person comes disabled and loses maintain in many ways, this in fact just gives them something that they can control.There are defiantly some factors that should qualify for a person requesting assisted suicide. They should be terminally ill with no hope of recovery andin great physical pain. If it were legalized the disabled population would be majority of the prospects. I bustt believe that all disabled should qualify automatically as Tada argues in her article claiming that if legalized all disabled including children and obese would qualify for assisted suicide as an option. Tada states, Societys moral and ad-lib law has always led us to save our children-and certainly not allow them t o destroy themselves(2).I do agree that children should ever be considered for assisted suicide unless they are in dire suffering with no hope of recovery. Tada argues, a child lacks the mental, emotional and psychological maturity to make such a decision ab away death(2). I completely agree with this but if you had your child suffering and in a vegetative state with no chance of recovery wouldnt you want to put them out of their misery? We dont let animals suffer so why let humans?My aunty had a very full life at 52 she found out that she had pancriaic cancer and aft(prenominal) she went to the doctor twice she was informed that she had nothing more than IBS. I had advised her that she should get further chequered out. And in June of 2010 she went to the doctor with horrible pain in her stomach and after many tests she was informed that she was diagnosed with academic degree 4 pancreatic cancer. At that point she was also told that she would not be able to get the surgical pr ocedure to remove it because it was at the lower end of the pancreas where it would be more difficult and could pass from the operation. She was told she could do Chemotherapy. aft(prenominal) doing 6 month of intensive pain ridden sessions she realized that she didnt want to do that any more. eventide tho she did not want to end her life she did request that when she was no longer responsive in the hospital that she have the ability to be taken home for the rest of her time. It was only then that the doctors were very opposed to us taking her from the hospital. Not caring that it was her request that she not suffer the were not instinctive to let us take her home. Before her death she cherished to die at home with dignity. She didnt want to be in the hospital. She truly believed that it would have been harder on the family to take care of her and she her like that she wanted to stay beautiful and not have her loved ones remember her as a vegitable laying in a hospital bed.This c an be a really slippery slope. Who decides for the children or senile women? I truly The person requesting needs tomentally stable and there needs to be safeguards against any family or doctors so as not to persuade the person in to euthanasiaprojects in her article allows make a distinchin are qualifier. Terminal and suffering ,incurable, if theres a huge financial burden. drop-off and mental

Engineering Project Management Essay Example for Free

Engineering Project Management Essay characteristic PracticeEstimating time to undertake jut and drafting tasks, such as the crafting of blueprints for the construction of wooden furniture (e.g. stool, desk, chest) by an expert and the creation of blueprints for constructions of commercial establishments by an architect, drives the regularity of estimating bray bells. After all, cost estimates require time estimates. Computing the cranch cost (technically cal conduct as the direct jade cost in attention accounting) proceeds by adding the workers base aim and indirect payroll costs, such as government securities and insurance. The result is multiplied with the workers fight hours.The product of the operation is the labor cost. If labor cost is known and the estimated labor hour is unknown, the manager notwithstanding has to work around the equation to reserve the estimated time of performing the task.This is the easiest method for the manager, and as well as the mo st unreliable because it relies on past data of labor costs. It relies on past data of labor costs because an observational method is needed, which this method does not include. In such a case, this method is just unblemished speculation.It is not an estimation in the congruous virtuoso of the term because on that point be no trials and errors dvirtuoso to gather data. From this, in that location is also a incompatibleiation between past data and a posteriori data. Past data be also empirical data, scarce they are ga in that respectd in the past, therefore acquiring a less sinless information. Empirical data, after all, require certain use of tools to be obtained.Also, it is unreliable because if the company is tonic, it lotnot use this methodthere is no recorded information regarding past operations. Only a gigantic-existing company dismiss pull ahead from this method of estimating labor hours. unmatchable problem in estimating the time and cost in performing de sign and drafting jobs is that managers can only speculate virtually the amount of time mandatory by a specific job. For instance, the manager of a firm that designs and produces musical instruments can not know exactly how long in a day can a staff of twenty finishes a certain fall of musical instruments.Time is a variable that depends on the quality and quantity of tools, materials, equipment, and workers assigned in performing tasks. In the example of designing musical instruments, the manager should know how long each instrument is intentional in its entirety by a specific worker. It would help to get an middling rate for this. Afterwards, the just rate provide be multiplied to the subroutine of instruments to be designed.If hotshot stops here, this is an in off method of computing labor time. The manager should get the time it took the labor to prepare for the task, and how long it took him to bring the musical instrument to the corresponding collectors of the aforemen tioned products in the concern system. Then, the sum is multiplied with the distance of the labor from the fink or wherever he is taking the musical instruments. The resulting product is then added to the product of the average out rate and the number of instruments to be designed.An some other method in estimating the labor time is by taking the average hours of preceding homogenous tasks. In creating a musical instrument, the manager gets the time it took for a worker to complete one instrument. He then obtains data from the proceeding tasks. By getting the average of the values, we obtain the average hours.Variability and ContingenciesThe verity of the first method is low. First, there is a huge possibility of error in relying past data or performance. A company that designs cars ought to measure the time and cost of labor by means of direct empirical methods, such as obtaining the rates by which workers accomplish their jobs.However, this method depends on the accuracy of h istorical data. If historical data are in absolute, there is a 100% tendency that the result of utilize this method will produce inaccuracies. This is not recommended for companies because it is not an engineering standard. The second method is more empirical and out-of-the-way(prenominal) more accurate than the first method. Considering the counting of the average rate, one can not be sure of the precision of this statistical tool. Using the mean, median or mode as a federal agency to produce data for the estimation of the time and cost of labor is inefficient.It is recommended that a variance analysis be conducted so that deviations will be taken into consideration. After all, workers are not robots. They have eminenter levels of inefficiency and disparity of production. A worker has fluctuating labor rates. The time he finishes a job fluctuates in hours or minutes, thereby changing the amount of labor cost. Using the variance analysis as a statistical method in obtaining w ork rates is more efficient.When this is done, it makes the second estimation method more accurate because deviant cases, or changes in time and labor costs, are taken into consideration. The variance analysis can also be applied on the third method, which also relies on using the mean, median or mode. Since averages are less reliable than doing a variance analysis, the third method can be inaccurate. to a greater extent statistical methods are needed.Monitoring and UpdatingAs the design and drafting tasks proceed, the exercises apply to update estimates are the undermentioned regular, intermittent, and periodical recording of average rates in designing and drafting jobs. The practice of having a regular recording system, which requires inputs for every day of labor, is the most accurate but also the most costly. Therefore, it is far from inefficient. Only a huge company can take advantage of this, if there is a high risk involved in not proctoring the time and cost of labor. An intermittent recording practice entails intermediate accuracy and cost. This requires inputs every week, month or quarter of the year, depending on the needs of the company to monitor the progress of the fluctuations in time and cost of labor. A periodical recording practice is the least costly, but has the risk of being inaccurate because it does not measure everything. It only measures the fluctuations in time and cost of labor between points in time, and not within a span of time.ReferencesBaskette, C. (2006). Avoided cost estimation and post-reform funding allocation for Californiasenergy efficiency programs. Electricity Market Reform and Deregulation, 31, 1084-1099.Farsi, Mehdi. (2006). Cost efficiency in the Swiss mishandle distribution sector. Energy Economics, 28,1050-1062.ASSIGNMENT 2 (Y)Basis for Project MethodologyThe specific method chosen for a certain render is based on the inherent characteristics of that pop. There are as some(prenominal) methods as there are ki nds of bemuses. The instauration for choosing a method depends on the variables that differentiate one foresee from another, like the level of complexity involved in the activity. The spare-time activity is the list of factors that may be the land of vomit methodologyProject expanseLevel of complexityType of communication used One of the many considerations in take to methodology decision- qualification is the end area. Is the project small, medium, or large? Even this drumhead requires some thinking, since the size of a project is arbitrary. It depends on the sizes of other projects the manager or company considers as points of comparison.The area of the project may mean the geographical area concerned. For instance, an electric automobile company that aims to build a ne iirk of electric facilities may be one kilometer by 500 meters. Judging whether this is small, medium, or large varies from one project to another. There may have been other akin(predicate) projects bui lt, requiring only two or three hectares of land. In such cases, this project may be considered large in area. The area can also be seen in terms of influence. In the example of an electric company building a mesh topology of electric facilities, the area may mean the number of households it would serve. Again, judging whether a number of ten-thousand households is small, medium or large depends on other similar projects made. Another basis is the level of complexity involved in the project. Complexity can be measured by how many actions among units are required to accomplish a task, and judging the data whether the project system is wide or complex. In the in a higher place example, measuring the complexity of building a network of electric facilities may require determining the brass section of managers and workers that are involved in the project. Some organizations interact according to hierarchy. These kinds of organizations tend to be simple because there are defined sli pway on how the units interact among one another.Some, which are more complex, require units to interact in different ways. To put it concretely, let us say that the electric company assigns the maintenance surgical incision to be always under the engineering de tripment, which means that the staff would only take commands from the latter. This is a simple scenario. A complex scenario would be when the company assigns the maintenance department to communicate with the other divisions of the company in accomplishing its own task.The connection between complexity and method is that the complexity determines the method. After knowing a projects level of complexity, the method may then be configured depending on this information. The third basis is communication. What is the message of the project? What are the kinds of media used? For whom is the message? These are pregnant things to take in legal opinion when characterizing what sort of communication exists in an activity. Is the el ectric company making use of an intranet, which simplifies complex interactions? What tools are used for one division to communicate with another? Are telephones preferred over online chatting between departments? It is also significant to determine the contexts in which communication occurs. Is it one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many? Determining this also affects the level of complexity of the project. A one-to-one communication is simple but slow and inefficient. A one-to-many communication is fast and efficient, but the message reply loses quality. Many-to-many communication is fast and complex, thereby increasing the level of complexity in the project. Decisions regarding matters on communication are only part of choosing what methodology to use.Criteria for Best Project MethodologyIn order to illustrate how one method is better than another given a specific project, let us take the following popular methods in project management Waterfall Development, Rational Unified Pro cess, and Extreme Programming (Asrilhant, 2005). These are the best methods in project management because they generally are flexible to different factors, like reckon and project size. They compliment each other. One strategys weakness is anothers strength. If the project has high reckon, one may say that the Waterfall Development is the best method for it. That is because this method requires weeny or zero department of corrections in inputs. This is possible because the planning function of the management is more crucial. A low reckon means a high risk to undertake the project. Therefore, quality planning is indispensable. For instance, if the electric company funds a 5-hectare electric network facility 30% lower than similar projects, the management has to undertake Waterfall Development. This means the planning function is geared on decreasing costs. There will be much labor required on the part of engineers and analysts to development the level of certainty in inputs. The company cannot afford to do experimentations and much interrogation. High technical proficiency is required. If the project entails intermediate risk, and there is an intermediate number of staff who would man it, then the Rational Unified Process may be used as the best methodology. This is because risk management is balanced with a medium amount of budget or allowance for failure in inputs. If the electric company funds a 10-hectare electric network facility 2% lower than similar projects, the management may afford to increase the costs of testing and experimenting with inputs to produce outputs in electric services. Finally, if there is a need for regular testing and experimentation of inputs, and corrections in testing failures, then the Extreme Programming may be undertaken as the best methodology. reckon given here is high, and the risks are lower. The population of staff is also considerably higher than the two other methodologies. Here, the management can afford to run th e risk of losing resources, albeit with prudence. Determining which method is best for a project requires measuring the amount of risks associated with the project, the budget allocated for the activity, the number of participants in the staff, and the affordability of the project to receive failing outputs.ReferencesAsrilhant, Boris. (2005). On the strategic project management process in the UK indutrial sector.Omega, 35, 89-103.ASSIGNMENT 3Alternative Classification The rationale of having a new project variety is to respond against the inefficiencies of the older classifications. The project method concerns itself much on the processes and ways on how tasks are carried out in the activity. However, it is too formalistic and technical. It is formalistic because it is focused on empirical observations. It is too technical because it does not leave room for speculation and theorizing. There is a huge candidate that it will lose sight of the projects objectives. The project end-pro duct, being goal-oriented, is weak on the part of specific matters. It may lose sight on technical issues such as the method of computation to use in estimating labor costs. If a firm that manufactures cars undertake an activity in which the project is categorize as belonging under the project end-product, the managers will fall short on practicality. Important expound are missed, like the choosing of a certain metal as a material in making automobiles.There may be one end-product but there are many methods in which inputs can be processed into outputs. These methods determine the level of costs associated with the production. If a company is too concerned about output, it loses sight on the possibility of gaining productivity by merely choosing the method.This is to say that a new classification is neededa new classification that would account for the weaknesses of project methodology and project end-product. Since the two classifications do not take into consideration certain fa ctors of production and labor, which are important determinants of the success of a project, a new chosen classification is labeling projects according to the types of constraints.The traditionalistic constrains in a project are the followingTimeCostProductionLaborThese variables define the shape or form of the project. Changing one variable changes the whole project in its entirety. To illustrate, assume that an automobile manufacturing company undertakes a project of creating fifty units of luxury cars.The time constraint associated with the project makes it different from all the other projects with similar methods and end-products. For instance, this project is similar to five other projects whose goals are also to create fifty units of luxury cars. The only hypothetical remnant is the amount of days required to accomplish it. This is to say that a project is different from another when there is a significant time interval between the required time to accomplish one project a nd the required time to accomplish another. However, it is too trivial if the manager only relies on the time constraint. cost are also important contributors of project type determination. The amount of money allotted for a budget determines the influence of the project on the area it is being undertaken, and on the unit is serving. This is an indispensable category because the cost also gives way to knowing the area and quality of the project. If the car company gives a budget to a car-manufacturing project which is 50% lower than that of another project with similar end-product, then the two projects are different because the former is constrained in using resources. It must tap the planning function of the management at its best, because it cannot afford high risks and high expenses. Production is a consequence of the cost constraint. The number of cars to be produced by the company depends on the allotted budget in producing these cars. Consequently, this is also related to lab or in the sense that, if the budget is low and the production is high, then the labor must be intensive. It is empirically impossible to increase labor if the budget remains the same. In short, projects can be classified according to the variability of their traditional constraints. They be classified as the followingLong-term undertaking, high-budgeted, labor intensive.Mid-term undertaking, with intermediate budget, intermediate production, and medium labor intensiveness.Short-term undertaking, low-budgeted, small production, and low concentration in labor.This is not to say that there are only three ways to classify projects. There are different permutations of classifying them because a project can be both long-term and low-budgeted, short-term and high-budgeted, and the like. There are twenty-seven combinations possible for the project manager. It is helpful for the project manager because there are varied choices to be undertaken with this typology.Enhancement This classificati on gives an enhanced understanding of project management because the inefficiencies of project end-product and project method are revealed and solved. The old classification system is poor because there are only small categories where projects fall under.In logic, the lesser concepts there are to stand for heterogeneous things, the more abstract the ideas become. By taking into consideration the traditional constraints of a project, and basing from it to form a new project classification, one achieves a more concrete and detailed description of the different projects that are to be executed.Project classification, through this kind of classification, becomes more useful not only as a mere science of classification. It also helps management keep an improved system of managing the projects, thereby increasing productivity and output quality.This project classification also enhances the understanding on the content of projects. Project method concerns itself with the processed inciden t but not the one being processed. Project end-product concerns itself with the output but not the materials or inputs that led to its creation. This classification gives a new lens through which projects are seen by the manager.ReferencesProject management. Retrieved September 4, 2006, fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_managementProject_systems